A review into ensuring pupils in England study maths up to the age of 18, without making an A-Level in the subject compulsory, is to be set up.
The advisory group will consider what maths skills students need, and whether a new maths qualification is necessary.
Announcing the review in a speech in London, Mr Sunak will argue an "anti-maths mindset" is damaging the economy.
Labour said more maths teachers were needed to deliver improvements.
Shadow education secretary Bridget Phillipson accused the Conservatives of "repeatedly missing their target for new maths teachers" and said Labour would invest in "thousands more teachers, including maths teachers by ending tax breaks for private schools".
Earlier this year, Mr Sunak said he wanted all pupils in England to study maths in some form up to the age of 18.
