The increasing prevalence of high psychological distress amongst young people found in the first wave of the COVID Social Mobility and Opportunities (COSMO) study was striking.1 Over 2 in 5 (44%) of 16–17-year-olds in England were classified as having high psychological distress in 2021, compared to 35% for the ‘Our Future’ cohort in 2017, and 23% for the ‘Next Steps’ cohort in 2007. For the COSMO cohort, high levels of psychological distress were also seen at higher rates for young carers, sufferers of long COVID and those identifying as ‘non-binary+’.1
Mental health conditions are one of the most common long-term health conditions and illnesses affecting young people today – other common problems include Asthma, Autism and learning disabilities.2 Additionally, since the COVID-19 pandemic began, long COVID (continuing to experience COVID-19 symptoms more than 4 weeks after first having the virus, not explained by another condition) has been an emerging phenomenon – analysis of COSMO wave 1 data collected during the 2021/22 school year found that nearly 1 in 10 (9%) students reported having experienced the condition, with those in more deprived areas more likely to report symptoms.3
Even though many areas of life have largely returned to normal following the pandemic, the long-term trend of worsening mental health and wellbeing of young people is an ongoing issue. This research briefing examines this using data from wave 2 of the COSMO study, collected when participants were aged between 17 and 18. Symptoms of psychological distress – as measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) – are considered,4 as well as other aspects of wellbeing like bullying and harassment. Use of mental health support services and satisfaction with school support are also analysed.
