The divided education and school system in Northern Ireland costs £226m extra a year to the public purse, new research claims.
The research from Ulster University (UU) has been partially funded by the Integrated Education Fund.
It looks at how much the duplication of things such as transport and services to different types of schools costs.
It estimates the total of cost of division and duplication of services in education at about £600,000 a day.
Northern Ireland's school system is largely made up of Catholic maintained or controlled schools.
Most pupils in Catholic maintained schools are from a Catholic background, while the majority of pupils in controlled schools are from a Protestant background.