Scotland's biggest council union is planning strikes that could close schools across the country next month.
Unison members backed action in 24 of the 32 council areas after rejecting an average pay increase of 5.5%.
The strikes will involve catering, cleaning, pupil support, administration and janitorial staff in schools and early years centres.
Unison Scotland secretary Lilian Macer said workers had been put in an "untenable" position by Cosla.
The union later confirmed the action will take place in every local authority with the exception of Midlothian, Falkirk, Scottish Borders, Argyll and Bute, North Lanarkshire, East Lothian, West Lothian and East Ayrshire.
Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Dundee will be among the areas affected.
No dates have been confirmed yet but Unison's local government committee will meet on Monday to prepare for the strikes.
